The Connection Between Five Elements, Six Tastes, and Three Humours in Siddha Medicine
- J Ruby
- Mar 29
- 2 min read
Siddha medicine, an ancient Tamil medical system, is based on the interaction of five elements (Pancha Bhoothas), which influence six tastes (Arusuvai) and regulate the three humours (Tridosha). Understanding these relationships helps in diagnosing ailments and prescribing the right diet and treatments to maintain health and balance.
The Five Elements and Their Influence
The entire universe, including the human body, is composed of five fundamental elements:
Space (Akasam)
Air (Vayu)
Fire (Thee)
Water (Neer)
Earth (Bhoomi)
Each of these elements plays a role in forming different tastes and bodily humours.
The Six Tastes and Their Elemental Composition
In Siddha medicine, taste is not just about flavor but also a powerful indicator of medicinal properties and effects on the body. The six tastes are formed by combining two elements each:
Sweet = Earth + Water
Sour = Air + Fire
Saline (Salty) = Water + Fire
Bitter = Air + Space
Pungent (Spicy) = Air + Fire
Astringent = Earth + Air
The Three Humours (Tridosha) and Their Elemental Influence
The three humours (Vatham, Pitham, and Kapham) are formed by the combination of these elements and regulate bodily functions:
Vatham (Space + Air) – Governs movement, circulation, and nervous system functions.
Pitham (Fire) – Controls digestion, metabolism, and body temperature.
Kapham (Water + Earth) – Maintains structure, lubrication, and immunity.
Balance of Humours Through Diet
If Water, Fire, and Air combine in appropriate ratios with the Earth element, the Sweet, Sour, and Astringent tastes are formed. Similarly, if Fire and Space combine, the Bitter and Pungent tastes emerge. When Fire meets Water, Saline taste is created.
By consuming foods with the right combination of tastes, one can balance the humours and prevent diseases.
Conclusion
Siddha medicine provides a deep understanding of how nature influences health. The combination of five elements, six tastes, and three humours plays a crucial role in maintaining harmony within the body. By choosing the right diet based on these principles, we can achieve holistic wellness and longevity.
Ref:-Siddha Maruthuvanga Churukkam
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